Rust에서의 사용자 정의 타입

villagesql::custom_type!(
    type_name: "type_name_in_sql",
    persisted_length: N,
    max_decode_buffer_length: M,
    encode: your_encode_fn,
    decode: your_decode_fn,
    compare: your_compare_fn,
    hash: your_hash_fn,
    default: "a_valid_string_literal",
)

fn rational_numer_impl(args: &[InValue]) -> VdfReturn {
    match args.first() {
        Some(InValue::Custom(b)) => {
            let numer = read_i64(b, 0);
            VdfReturn::int(numer)
        }
        Some(InValue::Null) | None => VdfReturn::null(),
        _ => VdfReturn::error("rational_numer: expected a RATIONAL argument"),
    }
}

fn rational_add_impl(args: &[InValue]) -> VdfReturn {
    match (args.get(0), args.get(1)) {
        (Some(InValue::Custom(a)), Some(InValue::Custom(b))) => {
            let result = add_rationals(a, b);
            VdfReturn::Binary(result)
        }
        _ => VdfReturn::null(),
    }
}

villagesql::func!(
    rational_add_impl,
    "rational_add",
    [villagesql::custom!("rational"), villagesql::custom!("rational")] -> villagesql::custom!("rational"),
    deterministic: true
)

use villagesql::{InValue, VdfReturn};

// Binary layout: [numerator: i64 LE][denominator: i64 LE] — 16 bytes total.
// Always stored in reduced form (GCD = 1) with a positive denominator.
const BYTES: usize = 16;

fn to_bytes(num: i64, den: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(BYTES);
    v.extend_from_slice(&num.to_le_bytes());
    v.extend_from_slice(&den.to_le_bytes());
    v
}

fn from_bytes(b: &[u8]) -> (i64, i64) {
    let num = i64::from_le_bytes(b[..8].try_into().unwrap());
    let den = i64::from_le_bytes(b[8..16].try_into().unwrap());
    (num, den)
}

// encode: "3/4" -> 16 bytes
pub fn rational_encode(s: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
    let (num_s, den_s) = s
        .split_once('/')
        .ok_or_else(|| format!("rational: expected 'n/d', got {:?}", s))?;
    let num: i64 = num_s.trim().parse()
        .map_err(|e| format!("rational numerator: {}", e))?;
    let den: i64 = den_s.trim().parse()
        .map_err(|e| format!("rational denominator: {}", e))?;
    let (n, d) = normalize(num as i128, den as i128)
        .ok_or_else(|| "rational: zero or overflowing denominator".to_string())?;
    Ok(to_bytes(n, d))
}

// decode: 16 bytes -> "3/4"
pub fn rational_decode(b: &[u8]) -> Result<String, String> {
    if b.len() < BYTES {
        return Err(format!("rational: expected {} bytes, got {}", BYTES, b.len()));
    }
    let (n, d) = from_bytes(b);
    Ok(format!("{}/{}", n, d))
}

// compare: for ORDER BY, MIN, MAX
pub fn rational_compare(a: &[u8], b: &[u8]) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
    let (n1, d1) = from_bytes(a);
    let (n2, d2) = from_bytes(b);
    // cross-multiply (denominators are always positive)
    let lhs = (n1 as i128) * (d2 as i128);
    let rhs = (n2 as i128) * (d1 as i128);
    lhs.cmp(&rhs)
}

// hash: for COUNT(DISTINCT) and set operations
pub fn rational_hash(b: &[u8]) -> usize {
    // FNV-1a over the 16 bytes
    let mut h: usize = 0xcbf29ce484222325u64 as usize;
    for &byte in b {
        h ^= byte as usize;
        h = h.wrapping_mul(0x100000001b3u64 as usize);
    }
    h
}

INSTALL EXTENSION vsql_rational;

CREATE TABLE fractions (
    id   INT PRIMARY KEY,
    val  RATIONAL
);

INSERT INTO fractions VALUES (1, '1/2'), (2, '3/4'), (3, '1/4');

-- ORDER BY uses rational_compare
SELECT val FROM fractions ORDER BY val;
-- → 1/4, 1/2, 3/4

-- Arithmetic with rational_add
SELECT rational_add('1/3', '1/6');
-- → 1/2

-- Extract numerator and denominator
SELECT rational_numer(val), rational_denom(val) FROM fractions;

-- Convert to floating-point approximation
SELECT rational_to_real('1/3');
-- → 0.3333333333333333

villagesql::extension! {
    funcs: [
        // VDFs declared with func!
    ],
    types: [
        // Custom types declared with custom_type!
    ]
}