MySQL の EXISTS

SELECT COLUMN_LIST
FROM TABLE_NAME AS OUTER_ALIAS
WHERE EXISTS (
  SELECT 1 FROM OTHER_TABLE AS INNER_ALIAS
  WHERE INNER_ALIAS.COLUMN_NAME = OUTER_ALIAS.COLUMN_NAME
);

SELECT l.name
FROM language AS l
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM film AS f WHERE f.language_id = l.language_id)
ORDER BY l.name;

+---------+
| name    |
+---------+
| English |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SELECT l.name
FROM language AS l
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM film AS f WHERE f.language_id = l.language_id)
ORDER BY l.name;

+----------+
| name     |
+----------+
| French   |
| German   |
| Italian  |
| Japanese |
| Mandarin |
+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)